Definition:
Thyroid hormones are produced by the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped organ located at the front of the neck. These hormones—primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)—are responsible for regulating metabolism, energy production, and overall growth and development. T4 is the inactive form of thyroid hormone, which is converted into the active form, T3, within the body’s tissues. Proper thyroid function is critical for maintaining normal body temperature, heart rate, and healthy cholesterol levels. An imbalance in thyroid hormones, such as in hypothyroidism (low thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (high thyroid), can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain or loss, and mood disturbances. Thyroid hormone imbalances can be addressed through medication, lifestyle changes, and, in some cases, hormone replacement therapy.

FAQs:

What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) can cause fatigue, weight gain, depression, dry skin, and constipation due to the body’s slowed metabolism.

What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) can cause rapid heartbeat, weight loss, anxiety, tremors, and heat intolerance as the body’s metabolism speeds up.

How are thyroid hormone imbalances treated?
Thyroid imbalances are typically treated with synthetic or bioidentical thyroid hormones, such as levothyroxine for hypothyroidism or medications like methimazole for hyperthyroidism. Treatment depends on the specific type of imbalance.

Can diet affect thyroid hormones?
Yes, certain nutrients like iodine, selenium, and zinc play essential roles in thyroid hormone production. A deficiency in iodine, for example, can lead to thyroid problems. It’s important to maintain a balanced diet for optimal thyroid health.