Definition:
Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, leading to an overactive metabolism. This excess of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) speeds up various bodily functions, causing symptoms such as rapid heart rate, weight loss, anxiety, tremors, heat intolerance, and increased appetite. The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder that stimulates the thyroid to produce excess hormones. Other causes include thyroid nodules or inflammation of the thyroid gland (thyroiditis). Treatment for hyperthyroidism aims to reduce thyroid hormone production and may involve medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or in some cases, surgery.

FAQs:

What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include rapid heartbeat, unexplained weight loss, increased appetite, heat intolerance, irritability, tremors, and frequent bowel movements.

What causes hyperthyroidism?
The most common cause is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder. Other causes include thyroid nodules, thyroiditis, or excessive iodine intake.

How is hyperthyroidism diagnosed?
Hyperthyroidism is diagnosed with blood tests measuring levels of TSH, T3, and T4. Low TSH and elevated T3 and T4 levels typically confirm the diagnosis.

How is hyperthyroidism treated?
Treatment options include antithyroid medications (e.g., methimazole), radioactive iodine therapy, and in some cases, thyroid surgery. The goal is to reduce excess thyroid hormone production.

Can hyperthyroidism be managed without medication?
While some cases of hyperthyroidism may require medication or radioactive iodine therapy to manage, lifestyle changes and dietary modifications can help alleviate certain symptoms. It’s important to follow medical guidance for optimal treatment.